Vegetable growing – the term 1

Vegetable growing – the branch of agriculture engaging in cultivation of vegetable plants. Melon growing concerns vegetable growing – cultivation watermelons cultures.

Distinguish vegetable growing of an open ground and vegetable growing of the protected (closed) ground. In an open ground cultivate vegetable cultures for reception of vegetables and seeds during the spring-and-summer and autumn periods, in a sheltered ground – vegetables during out-of-season time when on climatic conditions crop reception in the field is impossible, and seedlings for an open ground.

Vegetable growing opened and sheltered ground vegetable growing are closely connected among themselves: one supplementing another, they provide production of vegetables within all year.

Features of vegetable growing: mass application seedlings a method, and for a sheltered ground, besides, application rise and distillation plants (reception of vegetable production for the account before the spare nutrients postponed in a vegetative organism). In vegetable growing cultivation of two or several cultures on the same area throughout a season, so-called is often applied. A compact crop. In vegetable growing secondary seedings and plantings of vegetable cultures are extended also.

In the USSR in an open ground cultivated about 60 vegetable plants, and also spicy vegetable plants (a tarragon, a cress-salad, a coriander, mint and others). In an open ground the cabbage, a tomato, a cucumber, an onions, carrot and a beet, in a sheltered ground – the basic cultures are most extended: a cucumber, a tomato, onions (distillation on a feather), and also a cauliflower, salad and a radish.

The first mentions of cultivation of vegetables in territory of the USSR concern 5 century of our era. In 11 – 15 centuries vegetable growing in Russia has reached concerning high the then level. Further vegetable growing development occurred the slowed down rates. Before October revolution 1917 vegetable growing on 85 % had consumer or semiconsumer character; basically it has been concentrated to gardens of peasant farms (whence and the vegetable growing name – "gardening"). The Total area under vegetable cultures in 1913 made 648 thousand in hectares. Industrial and trading gardening occupied all about 15 % of all crops of vegetable cultures, and development and its disposition had spontaneous character. The part of truck gardens has been located in immediate proximity from the big cities.

Wide development of vegetable growing has received in days of the Soviet power. Especially intensively it began to develop after agriculture collectivisation – in 1930 areas under vegetable cultures made 1146 thousand in hectares, i.e. Have increased in 1,8 times in comparison with the pre-revolutionary period. In 1939 18th congress has passed the decision to create round Moscow, Leningrad, Kharkov, Bitter, Kiev, the centres of Donbass, Kuzbas, the Far East and others a vegetable-potato and the cattle-breeding bases completely providing supply of these centres by vegetables and a potato.

In days of the Great Patriotic War 1941 – 1945 the big damage has been caused to vegetable growing. During the post-war period the party and the government have taken the measures directed on development of vegetable growing, increase in assortment of cultivated vegetable cultures to supply the population of the USSR within all year with fresh vegetables.

Round large cities and industrial centres the big specialised vegerable-growing state farms of vegetable growing have been created has promoted to Kamchatka, Chukotka, to Khabarovsk territory. The area under crops of vegetable cultures was in 1940 – 1506 thousand in hectares, in 1972 – 1578 thousand in hectares. The increase in production of vegetables was reached thanks to an increase yield of vegetable plants in an open ground and to sharp expansion of the areas in a sheltered ground, mainly under film coverings. In 1972 basic areas under vegetable cultures were in RSFSR (706 thousand in hectares) and Ukraine (486 thousand in hectares). The Total yield of vegetables in 1972 19,9 million tons, productivity – 122 centners about 1 hectares.

The industry on processing of vegetables, production of canned food, tomato juice, mashed potatoes, paste and the frozen vegetables has been created. In 1972 the area of the winter glazed hothouses has made 6,9 thousand in hectares, hothouses vernal with a film covering of 2,3 thousand in hectares, hotbeds of 1,8 thousand in hectares, a heated ground with a film covering of 2,6 thousand in hectares.
 

Source of information: Овощеводство

 

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