Gardener

The basic agrotechnical measures applied to an increase yield of vegetable cultures: use of high-quality seeds of the most productive breeds and hybrids, introduction of efficient rotations with scientifically proved crop rotation, an irrigation, application in sufficient doses organic and fertilizers, agrotechnical, biological and chemical protection frames of plants from pests, diseases and weeds. The soil cultivation system under vegetable cultures includes autumn and a presowing cultivation, and also interrow loosening.

Vegetable plants usually cultivate on the equal surface convenient for mechanisation. In damp areas of the North and the Northwest and on the lowered plots in the Central area of the European part of the USSR apply ridges and crests. The norm of entering of fertilizers in 1972 has reached 1 ton and more on 1 hectares of vegetable crops. Seeds of vegetable cultures, and also place cabbage and tomato seedling square and square-cluster in the ways. Care of vegetable cultures consists in soil loosening in row widths, weeding, a hilling, a thinning of plants, a top-dressing, watering, graft vines, a side-shoot removing, etc.

Works on cultivation of vegetable cultures in collective farms and state farms basically are mechanised. In the USSR 3 machinery complexes are defined, each of which corresponds to agrotechnical requirements of this or that zone. At modern level of mechanisation of vegetable growing in specialised state farms of an expense of work fluctuate from 0,34 (cabbage plants average and late) to 1,67 (bulb onion) of a man-day on 1 centner of production. Also the big expenses of work characterise tomato production – 0,61 and a cucumber – 0,76 man-days on 1 centner of production. In large hothouse economy automatic control vodno-air, gas modes and a diet of plants takes root.
 

Source of information: Меры по повышению урожайности овощных культур